IC660BBD021
IC660BBD021
IC660BBD021
IC660BBD021
在東風(fēng)4型機(jī)車上裝有電動(dòng)機(jī)油泵和燃油泵，在每次起動(dòng)前需延時(shí)45s~60s 供機(jī)油和燃油，供機(jī)油是為了防止在柴油機(jī)停機(jī)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，其各運(yùn)動(dòng)部件拉傷，而提供的燃油則是為柴油機(jī)點(diǎn)火建立燃油壓力。在供機(jī)油過程中，起動(dòng)滑油泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間不能過長(zhǎng)，否則不利于蓄電池的保養(yǎng)。在起動(dòng)過程中，起動(dòng)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和燃油泵向氣缸內(nèi)供油為同步控制。油壓建立以前，起動(dòng)電機(jī)不可以停轉(zhuǎn)。
起動(dòng)柴油機(jī)必須解決3 個(gè)問題：（1）燃油的供給；（2）運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的潤(rùn)滑；（3）蓄電池向起動(dòng)電機(jī)供電，QD 帶動(dòng)柴油機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。在整個(gè)起動(dòng)過程中，對(duì)起動(dòng)電機(jī)和噴油泵供油齒條的控制，都是通過起動(dòng)接觸器（Q C）來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
這種控制方法存在如下缺陷：
a.操縱人員必須通過主觀判斷起動(dòng)完成與否來控制柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)，每次起動(dòng)都需要耳聽發(fā)火聲，眼睛觀察機(jī)油壓力表的變化；
b.向氣缸內(nèi)供油過早，在柴油機(jī)低速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，噴油器的噴油質(zhì)量很差，將降低氣缸內(nèi)的溫度，拖延點(diǎn)火轉(zhuǎn)速，導(dǎo)致起動(dòng)能量耗高，排煙量大，甚至爆燃；
c. 在柴油機(jī)氣缸內(nèi)已經(jīng)點(diǎn)火后，蓄電池繼續(xù)向起動(dòng)電機(jī)供電，造成蓄電池的放電量大；
d. 如果由于某種原因柴油機(jī)不能正常點(diǎn)火，將出現(xiàn)起動(dòng)接觸器燒死的情況，并且蓄電池虧能增大。
2 柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)過程的編程設(shè)計(jì)
針對(duì)目前柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)過程中的缺陷和不足，可以將其起動(dòng)過程按時(shí)間展開，進(jìn)行編程控制，采用PCC 實(shí)現(xiàn)檢測(cè)和控制環(huán)節(jié)。
柴油機(jī)的起動(dòng)過程大致可分為4 個(gè)階段，準(zhǔn)備、柴油機(jī)被驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)、點(diǎn)火和建立油壓穩(wěn)定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。準(zhǔn)備階段主要是預(yù)供機(jī)油和燃油。東風(fēng)4型機(jī)車采用45s 延時(shí)控制燃油泵和機(jī)油泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)起動(dòng)前預(yù)先向管路供油。根據(jù)起動(dòng)過程的不同階段，結(jié)合前面柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)過程中的問題，可逐步解決。
在東風(fēng)4型機(jī)車上裝有電動(dòng)機(jī)油泵和燃油泵，在每次起動(dòng)前需延時(shí)45s~60s 供機(jī)油和燃油，供機(jī)油是為了防止在柴油機(jī)停機(jī)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)時(shí)，其各運(yùn)動(dòng)部件拉傷，而提供的燃油則是為柴油機(jī)點(diǎn)火建立燃油壓力。在供機(jī)油過程中，起動(dòng)滑油泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間不能過長(zhǎng)，否則不利于蓄電池的保養(yǎng)。在起動(dòng)過程中，起動(dòng)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)和燃油泵向氣缸內(nèi)供油為同步控制。油壓建立以前，起動(dòng)電機(jī)不可以停轉(zhuǎn)。
起動(dòng)柴油機(jī)必須解決3 個(gè)問題：（1）燃油的供給；（2）運(yùn)動(dòng)部件的潤(rùn)滑；（3）蓄電池向起動(dòng)電機(jī)供電，QD 帶動(dòng)柴油機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。在整個(gè)起動(dòng)過程中，對(duì)起動(dòng)電機(jī)和噴油泵供油齒條的控制，都是通過起動(dòng)接觸器（Q C）來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
這種控制方法存在如下缺陷：
a.操縱人員必須通過主觀判斷起動(dòng)完成與否來控制柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)，每次起動(dòng)都需要耳聽發(fā)火聲，眼睛觀察機(jī)油壓力表的變化；
b.向氣缸內(nèi)供油過早，在柴油機(jī)低速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，噴油器的噴油質(zhì)量很差，將降低氣缸內(nèi)的溫度，拖延點(diǎn)火轉(zhuǎn)速，導(dǎo)致起動(dòng)能量耗高，排煙量大，甚至爆燃；
c. 在柴油機(jī)氣缸內(nèi)已經(jīng)點(diǎn)火后，蓄電池繼續(xù)向起動(dòng)電機(jī)供電，造成蓄電池的放電量大；
d. 如果由于某種原因柴油機(jī)不能正常點(diǎn)火，將出現(xiàn)起動(dòng)接觸器燒死的情況，并且蓄電池虧能增大。
2 柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)過程的編程設(shè)計(jì)
針對(duì)目前柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)過程中的缺陷和不足，可以將其起動(dòng)過程按時(shí)間展開，進(jìn)行編程控制，采用PCC 實(shí)現(xiàn)檢測(cè)和控制環(huán)節(jié)。
柴油機(jī)的起動(dòng)過程大致可分為4 個(gè)階段，準(zhǔn)備、柴油機(jī)被驅(qū)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)、點(diǎn)火和建立油壓穩(wěn)定運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。準(zhǔn)備階段主要是預(yù)供機(jī)油和燃油。東風(fēng)4型機(jī)車采用45s 延時(shí)控制燃油泵和機(jī)油泵運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)起動(dòng)前預(yù)先向管路供油。根據(jù)起動(dòng)過程的不同階段，結(jié)合前面柴油機(jī)起動(dòng)過程中的問題，可逐步解決。
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